Simplest Solution

A possible solution, using arrays but not resizing them, is as follows:

using System;
 
public class Program
{
    public static void Main(string[] args)
    {
        // Variable declarations.
 
        string[] todo = new string[100]; // This will hold the items in the todo list.
        // Note that we are arbitrarily deciding that the maximum number of items is 100.
        bool[] status = new bool[100]; // This will hold the status of each item.
        // true means "done", false means "not done".
        string uInput; // This will hold user input.
        int todoSize = 0; // This will hold the actual number of items in the list.
        int completed = 0; // This will hold the number of items done.
        int justdone; // This will hold the number of the last item completed.
        bool valid; // This will hold true if the user input is valid (a positive number
        // less than the number of items in the list), false otherwise. Used for user-input
        // validation.
        char itemStatus; // This will hold '☑' if the current item is done, 
        // '☐' otherwise.
 
        // We start by populating the list with items.
        do
        {
            Console.WriteLine("What is on your todo list? Enter \"done\" when you are done.");
            uInput = Console.ReadLine();
            if (uInput != "done")
            {
                todo[todoSize] = uInput; // We can store the first item at index todoSize 
                // since its initial value is 0.
                todoSize++; // We increment the number of items in the list.
            }
        } while (uInput != "done"); // When the user enters "done", we exit this loop.
 
        // We now display the todo list, and ask the user to indicate which item they 
        // completed, as long as there are some items left in their list.
 
        while (completed != todoSize)
        {
            // We display the todo list.
            Console.WriteLine("Here is your current todo list:");
            Console.WriteLine("| # | Status | Task |");
            for (int i = 0; i < todoSize; i++)
            {
                if (status[i]) { itemStatus = '☑'; } else { itemStatus = '☐'; }
                Console.WriteLine("| "+ (i+1) + " |   " + itemStatus + "    | " + todo[i]);
            }
            // We now ask the user to enter the number of the completed item.
            valid = false; // We assume that the user has not given a valid value yet.
            do
            {
                Console.WriteLine("Enter the number of the task you completed.");
                valid = int.TryParse(Console.ReadLine(), out justdone) && 0 < justdone && justdone <= todoSize;
            } while (!valid);
            status[justdone - 1] = true; // We indicate that the item was completed by setting its value to true.
            completed++; // We increment the number of items completed.
            Console.WriteLine($"You are {completed / (double)todoSize:P} done!");
            // Note that we force double division using casting, and use the :P format speficier.
        }
        Console.WriteLine("Congratulations!");
    }
}

You can download it here

Using Classes

Another solution is to create a class for “todo list items” and to create an array of them. That is, have a class file Todo.cs along the lines of

class Todo{
    public string Description{get; set;}
    public bool Status{get; set;}
}

and then to create and manipulate arrays of Todo objects, for example as follows:

Todo[] todoList = new Todo[100];
todoList[0] = new Todo();
todoList[0].Description = "My first item";
todoList[0].Status = false;
Console.Write(todoList[0].Description + (todoList[0].Status ? " done" : " not done"));